BOGOR, BURUNG INDONESIA— Indonesia merupakan surganya burung rangkong. Dari 55 jenis rangkong yang tersebar di seluruh dunia, sekitar 13 jenisnya ada di Indonesia. Jumlah ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia kaya akan jenis burung yang disebut hornbill.
Burung Indonesia mencatat, keberadaan rangkong di Indonesia tersebar. Sembilan jenis ada di Sumatera yaitu enggang klihingan, enggang jambul, julang jambul-hitam, julang emas, kangkareng hitam, kangkareng perut-putih, rangkong badak, rangkong gading, dan rangkong papan. Empat jenis lagi berada di Sumba (julang sumba), Sulawesi (julang dan kangkareng sulawesi), serta Papua (julang papua). Kalimantan memiliki jenis rangkong yang sama seperti Sumatera, kecuali rangkong papan.
Uniknya, penyebutan nama rangkong sering disamakan juga dengan julang, enggang, dan kangkareng. Padahal masing-masing nama tersebut memiliki ciri tersendiri. Rangkong misalnya, memiliki ciri cula di atas paruh yang besar dan sangat jelas. Julang ditandai dengan cula di atas paruh yang pendek dan berkerenyut. Enggang bisa dilihat dari cula di atas paruh yang tidak terlalu jelas dan berkerenyut. Sementara kangkareng bercirikan cula berukuran sedang yang terlihat jelas namun tidak berkerenyut.
Rangkong merupakan hidupan liar yang sangat berjasa pada regenerasi hutan. Menurut para ahli, seekor rangkong dapat terbang dalam radius 100 km persegi. Artinya, burung yang termasuk dalam keluarga Bucerotidae ini dapat menebar biji hingga 100 km jauhnya. Margaret F. Kinnaird dan Timothy G. O’Brien, peneliti rangkong dan hutan tropis, menjuluki rangkong sebagai petani hutan karena kehebatannya menebar biji. Menurut mereka, terdapat korelasi erat antara rangkong dengan hutan yang sehat.
Sebagai kelompok burung berukuran besar, rangkong mudah dikenali dari cula (casque) pada pangkal paruhnya. Berdasarkan data International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ada 3 jenis yang statusnya kini terancam punah dan masuk pada kategori Rentan (Vulnerable/VU) yaitu julang sumba (Aceros everetti), julang sulawesi (Aceros cassidix), dan kangkareng sulawesi (Penelopides exarhatus).
Khusus julang sumba, jenis yang hanya dijumpai di Pulau Sumba ini diperkirakan hanya tersisa kurang dari 4.000 ekor dengan kepadatan rata-rata 2,3 ekor per km persegi. Kerusakan habitat dan alih fungsi lahan menyebabkan populasi jenis ini menurun.*
Publikasi terkait:
Keterangan lebih lanjut, hubungi :
Dwi Mulyawati
Bird Conservation Officer Burung Indonesia
Phone: (0251) 8357 222
Fax: (0251) 8357 961
HP:0812 80196 748
E-mail: d.mulyawati@burung.org
Rahmadi Rahmad
Media and Communication Officer Burung Indonesia
HP: 0815 84287 864
E-mail:r.rahmad@burung.org
Catatan untuk Redaktur:
- Burung rangkong termasuk dalam Famili Bucerotidae, kelompok burung berukuran besar yang mudah dikenali, terutama dari cula (casque) pada pangkal paruhnya. Di seluruh dunia terdapat 55 jenis yang tersebar di kawasan tropis Asia dan Afrika
- Burung Indonesia adalah organisasi nirlaba dengan nama lengkap Perhimpunan Pelestarian Burung Liar Indonesia (Birdlife Indonesia Association) yang menjalin kemitraan dengan BirdLife International, Inggris. Burung Indonesia mengarahkan fokus pekerjaan pada pelestarian jenis-jenis burung yang terancam punah, termasuk berbagai jenis paruh bengkok yang banyak ditangkap dan diperdagangkan secara tidak sah.
- Daftar jenis burung dalam Famili Bucerotidae di Indonesia
No |
Nama Jenis |
Authority |
Nama Inggris |
Nama Indonesia |
Sinonim |
Status 2012 |
1 |
Aceros everetti |
(Rothschild, 1897) |
Sumba Hornbill |
Julang sumba |
VU |
|
2 |
Aceros corrugatus |
(Temminck, 1832) |
Wrinkled Hornbill |
Julang jambul-hitam |
NT |
|
3 |
Aceros comatus |
(Raffles, 1822) |
White-crowned Hornbill |
Enggang jambul |
NT |
|
4 |
Rhinoplax vigil |
(Forster, 1781) |
Helmeted Hornbill |
Enggang gading |
Buceros vigil |
NT |
5 |
Buceros bicornis |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
Great Hornbill |
Rangkong papan |
NT |
|
6 |
Buceros rhinoceros |
(Linnaeus, 1758) |
Rhinoceros Hornbill |
Rangkong badak |
NT |
|
7 |
Anthracoceros malayanus |
(Raffles, 1822) |
Black Hornbill |
Kangkareng hitam |
NT |
|
8 |
Aceros plicatus |
(Forster, 1781) |
Papuan Hornbill |
Julang papua |
LC |
|
9 |
Aceros undulatus |
(Shaw, 1811) |
Wreathed Hornbill |
Julang emas |
LC |
|
10 |
Aceros cassidix |
(Temminck, 1823) |
Knobbed Hornbill |
Julang sulawesi |
VU |
|
11 |
Penelopides exarhatus |
(Temminck, 1823) |
Sulawesi Hornbill |
Kangkareng sulawesi |
VU |
|
12 |
Anthracoceros albirostris |
(Shaw & Nodder, 1807) |
Oriental Pied Hornbill |
Kangkareng perut-putih |
LC |
|
13 |
Anorrhinus galeritus |
(Temminck, 1831) |
Bushy-crested Hornbill |
Enggang klihingan |
LC |
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